فصلنامه مطالعات بین المللی پلیس
پیاپی 50 (تابستان 1401)

Since committing the crime of public order on the countries, the authority seeks to prosecute and punish perpetrators for crimes against justice and preserve its authority on the other hand, if the person entering the country after committing a crime or after the trial and the extradition of criminals is an effort to bring back the accused or perpetrator to the loss - stricken country of the crime to enforce its laws. In this paper, the provisions of the extradition provisions of the Republic of Iran and the Republic of Indonesia have been investigated in light of the treaty between the two countries approved by 1395. 

this paper is written in comparative study and in analytical - descriptive method.

in this treaty, the most important principles governing the extradition of convicted offenders is accepted, but since different judicial systems and penal codes are dominant in the two countries, the full implementation of the provisions of the treaty provisions, which is the leaven of extradition laws in the world, is not fully implemented. another point is that the look of extradition in the two countries is a political look, which has led to some extradition principles, such as the non - extradition of political and military offenders with constraints that provide the purposes of government.

France, as one of the most liberal countries in the world, has always been subject to rapid social and political changes, and as a result, it has experienced a lot of unrest and riots compared to other societies. Given the similarities and commonalities between France and Iran; Analyzing the police approaches and laws and regulations of this country in the field of riot management is doubly important. In this regard, the present study seeks to answer the question of what is the approach of the French police in the face of public unrest and how it leads.

The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical which has been done by studying books, authoritative articles and reviewing the current laws and regulations of France.

The findings show that, although According to the French media and citizens, the French police are violent and sometimes repressive in the face of public unrest; However, the French system of government, by passing special laws, has tried to put a specific framework before the police as the main and ultimate responsible for managing the riots, in the light of the theory of the rule of law, by separating the normal and emergency situations. In addition, the French police in the scene of the management of riots and public unrest by adopting a combined strategy, while using traditional solutions (such as zero tolerance, the influence of plainclothes agents, etc.) special attention to the use of solutions (Especially the use of UAV and Drones).

After the withdrawal of joint comprehensive plan of action(JCPOA) by the President of the United States of America on May 8, 2018 and the imposition of new sanctions by Executive Order 13846 of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to file a lawsuit in the International Court of Justice on July 16, 2018 under Article 22 of the JCPOA. The United States has claimed that the main reason for Iran's lawsuit is its withdrawal from the UN Security Council, and that this has nothing to do with the breach of the MOU. In this study, we seek to answer the question of under what circumstances the Court will pay attention to the preliminary objection of abuse in the present case and the procedure of the Court.

This research has been done in a descriptive analytical method by studying the opinions of the Court.

The study of the Court's case law leads to the conclusion that so far the Court has faced only this conditional negative aspect in the sense that it has accepted its principle but in no case has met the conditions for its application. From the point of view of the plaintiffs, it is understood that breach of good faith, lack of justice, denial after confession, change in the internal proceedings and use of court tools to resolve disputes with political motives are among the most important reasons for the abuse. It is from Darcy. In the case of breach of the MOU (due to sanctions), the Court rejected the US preliminary objection and stated that the US could not prove that the Iranian petition had anything to do with the dispute over the implementation or interpretation of the MOU.

Combat cross-border crime is an old concern. After the collapse of the Berlin Wall, the States quickly realize that faced with a new world order, it becomes necessary to abandon part of their sovereignty in order to work together, against a new crime favored by globalization. The European Union also places this imperative at the heart of its ambitions. While initially, the European Community was only an economic agreement, it quickly realized that the pooling of goods and capital, but also the free movement of people, engendered a new delinquency, a transnational delinquency. In the face of this problem, a European arrest warrant was envisaged for judicial cooperation between the member states of this union.

The present research is written based on descriptive and analytical methods and methods of collecting information is from library-documentary studies. In this regard, the regulations-documents and sources related to the European arrest warrant have been reviewed.

Indeed, criminals do not care about borders while law enforcement is constrained. Offenders take advantage of these facilities to proceed with their trafficking, or to escape the authorities, who cannot prosecute them outside their national territory. Here then appears the need for interstate police and judicial collaboration. Within the European Union, this collaboration was therefore gradually put in place, until the creation of the European arrest warrant, a mechanism for the surrender of individuals between States.

Aims and Field: 

school solely for the purpose of defending individual, national and human rights. From the point of view of political jurisprudence, the contracts of Dhimma, Hodneh and Estiman are the ways to end the war. These treaties explain the ways in which international and even civil disputes and conflicts are resolved before the advent of international law and its rules. At present, concepts such as international law, humanitarian law and the law of armed conflict prevail in international relations and are controlled and managed in the form of various treaties, conflicts and wars. This article tries to explore the crystallization of Estiman contract, Hodneh and Dhimma in Iranian law and international documents with a comparative study.

The type of research is descriptive-analytical and data collection has been done by documentary-library method.

According to the results of the research, from the point of view of political jurisprudence, before the war or during the war, the dhimma contract is considered one of the permanent ways to end the war. Also, the Hadna agreement is one of the ways to end the war temporarily. The findings indicate that according to the research conducted, the discussed contracts are the basis of the treaties compiled in the field of war management and control

Militarism and the presence of non-regional forces in the Caspian Sea, has been always a deep concern of Islamic Republic of Iran. The 2018 Aktau Convention on Legal Status of the Caspian Sea sets the framework for different issues based on the generally security-related principles of national sovereignty, national integrity, equality among members, and non-use of force. Therefore, one can call that a security-oriented legal instrument among its member states aimed at ensuring the stability of the region. This article is aimed at assessing the security and defensive capacities of the Aktau Convention in preventing and combating militarism and the presence of non-regional forces in the Caspian Sea.

This article is conducted through a descriptive-analytic method and by relying on library resources.

This Convention bans, in absolute terms, prohibits the presence of any third-party armed forces in the Caspian Sea, prohibits member states to provision their territory to other states to commit aggression and undertake other military actions against other littoral states, and limits the navigation and right to passage to the ships with the flag of the littoral states. Furthermore, the Convention puts emphasis on ensuring good neighborhood and friendly relations in passage through territorial waters of the Parties and a stable balance of armaments of the Parties in the Caspian Sea. Accordingly, on the basis of the results of this article, it seems that despite undeniable lacunas, this Convention, potentially, could be considered as a good achievement for its Parties including Iran in terms of preventing and combating militarism and the presence of non-regional forces in the Caspian Sea and consequently ensuring and securing the security and stability in this region.

With the outbreak of coronavirus in the country and the emergence of evidence of bioterrorism, the possibility of bioterrorism has increased. The present study aims to identify the responsibilities of various legal entities before, during and after the outbreak of bioterrorism with emphasis on Covid 19.

The present study has studied and evaluated the relevant texts by descriptive and analytical methods and using library studies and fish taking tools.

Organizations and law enforcement agencies are responsible for the prevention, prevention and treatment of bioterrorism before, during and after the outbreak of corona bioterrorism. This type of liability is based on coercive liability, which in some cases may also be contractual. The pillars of civil liability are formed with the damage that is certain and the harmful actions of these persons that result from the violation of the inherent duties and approvals of the National Corona Headquarters, and the causal relationship is established according to the theory of fault and danger. These organizations and law enforcement agencies will be responsible in case of multiple transverse causes, based on the theory of impact ratio, and in case of multiple longitudinal causes, based on the primary cause of the impact. Organizations and law enforcement in the field of anticipation, prevention and treatment can be exempted from civil liability on the basis of legal orders, legitimate defense and the rule of action, in terms of conditions. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Intelligence, Passive Defense Organization, Ministry of Health, Basij, Municipality and Radio and Television are examples of government and public organizations that according to the description of duties and approvals of the National Corona Headquarters for the prevention, prevention and treatment of bioterrorism Covid has 19 responsibilities.

The present age, which is called the "cybernetic age", has caused a large part of commercial, economic, social, political, etc. activities to move from the real space to this space, so that today We are witnessing a kind of virtualization of all different areas of life in the universe. On the other hand, the rapid acceleration of technological change in the global arena has made planetary relations, virtual reality and global surrealism the subject of international relations. Therefore, the study of theoretical perspectives on the cybernetic age and also the study of the impact of new communication technologies in the postmodern age on the main components of international relations and finally the need for international cooperation to combat modern cybercrime is one of the main objectives of this article. We will pay.

The present study was conducted by descriptive and analytical methods.

We can conclude that all processes, structures, services, actions and activities in various fields of political, social, economic, security, educational, etc., both domestically and internationally Influenced by new communication and information technologies (cyber) that this fact is happening virtually. The complex technologies of the modern age, which have permeated all areas of human life, have penetrated into the realm of relations between units of the international system, especially in the dimension of threats, wars and conflicts, and have influenced current dynamics within and between societies. . The emergence of cybercrime, especially in the international arena, has brought the new era of cybernetics, which, due to its complex nature and scope, requires the full cooperation of all agencies and organizations in the domestic and international arenas.